Poker



2 Dec 12

[ English ]

Internet based Texas holdem has taken the globe by storm in the past couple of years. In case you have been left behind, we are going to obtain you caught up to speed with the world of net texas hold’em poker. I am going to assume that you’ve a working knowledge of the casino game of texas holdem and only talk about the differences in between on line and offline hold em.

You will discover a number of major differences in between on line hold em and the texas hold em you’ve played for years at your buddies house. First of all, you will discover no tells in internet based poker. Secondly, the computer software interface is one of the most important things in web-based poker. And lastly, it is possible to usually discover an web-based casino game.

What happened to all of the tells?

You will find lots of persons that will tell you that you’ll find still tells in internet poker. I do not believe this one bit. They will say that if someone bets quick or slow, you can be able to receive a feel for their play. Well, what about web connections? If someone has a slow connection, they’ll bet on intermittently. In other words, at times bet slow and sometimes bet quickly. This just is not reliable enough, so you will find no tells in on-line hold’em.

Software interface, probably the most important thing

The software interface allows you to perform, and not do, everything at the poker table. This can be a great thing and a bad factor. For one, you’re limited to the confines of the poker application. You are only allowed to try and do whatever the computer software programmers have allowed you to do. Fortunatly, there are a few really beneficial programs out there and every thing is there except the feel of the felt and the chips in your hand.

A big advantage of on line poker more than at house poker is, there’s by no means any mistake over who won the pot. Have you ever miscalled a hand and lost because of it? Well, which will in no way happen in web-based poker.

There is certainly generally a game on line

Unlike your buddies house, there is certainly often a casino game that you simply can wager on from the convenience of your own residence. Just log on to your favorite internet based poker room and you’ll see tens of thousands of men and women net playing at thousands on tables.







1 Dec 12

A message about gambling: Betting (or betting) is any behavior involving risking money or valuables (creating a wager or placing a stake) to the outcome of a game, contest, or other occasion in which the outcome of that activity depends partially or completely upon probability or upon one’s capability to do something.

A Easy warning about betting: Know your restrict and bet on within it…

What is Texas hold’em: Hold em is the most popular of the neighborhood card poker games. It would be the most preferred poker variant bet in gambling establishments in the western United States, and its nl form is used in the primary event of the World Series of Poker (abbreviated WSOP), widely identified as the world championship of the game.

By means of tv, Hold em poker has managed to find its way to people’s living room and into the "kitchen tables" of amateur poker players. The result is really a poker explosion that has everyone curious about how Hold’em is played.

You will discover 2 kinds of Hold em player. One is the no-limit Hold’em and this may be the sort that you most generally see on tv shows like ESPN’s broadcast of the World Series of Poker. The other sort, the low-limit Hold em poker is designed for players who are just beginning to discover the game.

Most low-limit Holdem games have a betting structure of $2/4, three – six dollars, or four – eight dollars. These kinds of Holdem betting structures could be discovered mostly in web gamerooms.

The Basics of Hold’em

In Texas holdem, each and every player is given two initial cards, termed the pocket cards. The players will match up these cards with the 5 neighborhood cards which are dealt later about the board in order to create a Holdem poker hand. The one using the greatest hand wins the game.

Suppose we use the Texas holdem betting structure of two – four dollars where you have a restrict of two dollars for each and every of the 1st a couple of rounds. At the last a couple of rounds, your wager limit increases to 4 dollars. Your raise or your bet depends about the reduce set for that round.

The Casino game Flow of Texas hold’em

Texas hold em starts with 2 "blind" bets. The player who is immediately to the left of the croupier posts the small blind, which is half the minimum bet that was set just before the start of the game. The player next to him will then place the huge blind which is comparable to the minimum bet. The third player to the left of the dealer will now start the initially betting round.

In Hold’em, the initial betting circular ends with the player who made the tiny blind. The gambler who posted the large blind can either raise or "check" the bet if the player prior to him made a call. In Texas hold’em, to verify means to pass up the probability of generating a bet.

Immediately after the last gambler makes his move, the new croupier (the gambler while using croupier button – in this case the small blind player since Texas hold em follows the clockwise movement) will now deal the initially three cards face up. This stage in Texas hold em is termed the flop. The second wagering circular begins and still at 2 dollars.

When the flop is completed, the croupier turns up a 4th card named the turn. Following the Texas hold em betting rules, the wager is now at 4 dollars. Right after the 4th spherical, the croupier will turn the fifth and final neighborhood card face up. This card is termed the Texas hold em river.

Right after the river is completed, the players will now have sufficient cards to begin forming their Texas holdem hand. The gambler with the ideal Hold’em hand wins the pot.







25 Nov 12

[ English ]

Being a poker professional I collect tons of emails and questions about how to play specific palms or what I would do in a specific situation. In this article I’ve outlined seven vital components you should be conscious of any time you wager on Texas hold em poker.

Use this write-up as an outline to help make the very best feasible decisions when betting poker. All of these variables are really vital to fully grasp if you want to become a successful Hold’em player.

One. Table Position.

The first point to notice when betting Hold em is where you’re at to the table. You will find good positions and bad positions.

The most beneficial place is when you will be on the button. Which is the Dealer Button. The reason for this is because you have to act last and see what everyone else does prior to you.

The worst placement in my opinion will be the little blind. Since you have a very little money already in the pot you may well play marginal palms that you wouldn’t otherwise. Thus you acquire your self into a lot much more pots whenever you actually shouldn’t be. Most of the time these come back to bite you.

2. The Learn in your Opponents

The go through you have in your competitors is all important. Depending if you’re betting against true loose players or real tight gamblers will greatly enable in choosing what arms to wager on and how to play them. The most effective solution to receive a learn on your competitors is to merely watch how they play when you happen to be not playing.

3. Amount of Gamblers in the Desk

The variety of people at a desk is critical mainly because it will increase or decrease the strength of your hand. When you have a full table of ten you are A,T suited will not be nearly as strong as if your wagering at a short-handed table of five or 6. All of a sudden that Ace, Ten suited is now extremely strong.

Four. Variety of Gamblers in the Hand

This goes along with rule number 2 but with a slight variance. When everyone at a full table folds except for you and one opponent; immediately your hand strength has grown stronger.

Nevertheless, you have to be aware of one thing. You must be informed of all the other cards that had been folded. Granted you will not know what they had been except it is possible to produce an educated guess based to the examine you might have on other players. Most of the time your opponents folded because they did not catch a monster hand. Even if you can find loose gamblers on the table and they folded. You know they folded junk or they would still be in the hand.

Thus when you’ve got a low to middle pair the likelihood of you hitting trips to the flop diminishes. So you should proceed with caution. To the other hand when you have A,Queen suited be aggressive in your play.

Five. Your Cards

What are your cards? This is important. Proper? Now you will see a few of the pros talk about how they do not even need to take a look at their cards sometimes because they know their competitors so well. If you might be reading this my guess is you might be not one of them. As a result, the cards we’re dealt have a very dramatic impact on our ability to win. We must be patient. And when the appropriate fingers are dealt we should be ready to pounce and win large pots.

Six. Chip Stacks

The reason chip stacks are important is because men and women wager on differently when the size of their chip stack changes. As an example, if you happen to be the quick stack you might bet on much more tightly waiting for that suitable hand. On the exact same time if you happen to be the chip leader you may possibly get so aggressive and attempt to bully men and women around and steal blinds. Now I’m not saying either way would be the appropriate or wrong method to play. It’s just vital to know how your opponents start to transform their bet on as their chip stacks change. How do you alter your bet on when you’re the quick stack or the chip leader?

7. Desk Action

What’s going on prior to you? Does the guy to your suitable generally lay down big raises? It’s crucial to pay close attention to what the action is doing just before it comes to you. If someone raises, and then two people today reraise and you will be sitting on Queen, Queen you may perhaps would like to lay it down. You’ll be able to safely assume someone if not 2 folks have AA and KK leaving you about the quick end of the stick in case you choose to play.

Keep in mind, poker takes only a minute to learn and a lifetime to master. Fully grasp and use these seven important aspects to assist you master the game and win a good deal extra whenever you play Hold’em poker.







21 Nov 12

I’ve been betting poker now for about five years, I have wagered cards my entire life beginning with games of Gin Rummy for pennies with my Grand Mother, to all of the various types of Brag and basic random games such as Go Fish, Crash and one so beautifully called, card on head game. I used to often win, whatever game we were betting and even though I liked to call it skill, it was quite tough to justify thinking about the randomness of the games we were playing, so I was pleased to accept I was having a protracted run of luck.

Then came Poker, or a lot more importantly Hold em Poker, made popular by a group of Texas card players in the sixties and since grown into one of the biggest card phenomena ever seen. Poker is totally the new black, it can be super cool with quite a few of the world’s top superstars racing to have their name connected with it. Just a quick scan through the TV channels these days and you can not escape from poker, and of course there is the fabled World Series of Poker, the Holy Grail and Mecca all rolled into one for each single player.

So with all of this new found recognition, with so several Tv shows devoted to poker, and magazine and book shelves filled up with quality material written by the leading minds on poker, when are individuals going to learn that this game is all about position!?

Perhaps I must not acquire so worked up about this, after all the more men and women who struggle with the subtle tactics and methods necessary for succeeding regularly at Holdem, the far better it truly is for everyone else, proper? I mean, if they can’t be bothered to read all of the offered data about why position is so important, why really should we bother? We must just be happy there’s an additional fish at the table!

It is true, we need to not reward laziness with guidance and guide. Even so, I liken this to a friendly game of football. Naturally the stakes are not so good, but when you notice a gambler having difficulties, you support them, provide them a few advice, ultimately showing them a method to love, like and be grateful for the casino game as much as you. I’m calling on all home players to do a similar thing with their poker buddies who have not quite got a handle on the subtleties of betting position. Help them to grow their respect for the casino game. Certainly, don’t attempt to try this one in your community gambling den, the sharks won’t take pleasure in you teaching their meal how to swim!







20 Nov 12

[ English ]

Wagering inside a poker tournament on the internet could be a great way to have fun, meet other poker enthusiasts, generate money, and even an excellent method to win a seat to wager on in the larger international poker tournament event like the World Poker Tour or the Wsop. There are many various kinds of poker tournaments offered online that poker players can enter. Gamblers have the alternative to pick a poker tournament online based around the tournament’s stakes amount, the poker game bet, the betting format, and/or within the tournament format.

Choosing a poker tournament online to join based on its stakes level is really a excellent way to discover a poker tournament that may meet the gambler’s skill place. Lower stakes poker tournaments commonly appeal to novice poker players, medium stakes poker tournaments generally appeal to moderately skilled poker players, and superior stakes poker tournaments typically attract highly skilled poker gamblers. The only exception to this generality is that freerolls, poker tournaments which have been free to enter, can attract gamblers from all of the poker skill categories.

Another approach to pick a poker tournament on the web would be to base the option for the casino game that is certainly bet in the tournament. The most well-known poker casino game that may be bet in poker tournaments on the web is Holdem. Other poker games which have been played in web-based poker tournaments include: Omaha/8 Hi, Omaha eight-or-better Hi/Lo, Stud Poker, Pai gow Poker, and Caribbean Poker.

Additionally to selecting a poker tournament on the web based on its stakes amount and game type, gamblers also can pick poker tournaments based on format of the poker tournament. Wagering structure may be the 1st tournament format issue that poker players have to have to take into consideration when searching for a poker tournament to enter. Poker tournaments can have any of the subsequent wagering structures: no limit, PL, or limit. The pace and structure of a poker tournament can also vary from tournament to tournament. For instance a tournament can have a Sit ‘n Go format, a single elimination format, a double elimination format, or even a Turbo format. Players need to take all of these points into consideration just before deciding around the poker tournament to enter.







17 Nov 12

You might like playing poker online, except perhaps you want to boost your Holdem tournament results. Soon after betting the casino game for many years, I’ve developed a method guide for anyone looking to strengthen the odds of succeeding at the Texas hold em (NL) Tournament game. These recommendations apply mostly to substantial multi-tables games with potentially hundreds or even thousands of players.

The Possibility Factor for Texas hold’em

It’s important for gamblers to comprehend that no matter how excellent you might be, Holdem does involve a number of element of chance. The much better you play and generate good decisions, the far more limited the downside. The best gamblers in the world usually finish up around the final table, except they too take bad beats. This proves it can happen to anyone.

The important thing to note when you shed is not the fact that you simply misplaced any specific poker game or hand, except to consider how you lost. In the event you were put out holding A5 having gone all-in in opposition to Ace, King pre-flop then it’s safe to say you most likely won’t make a final table.

On the other hand should you lost or regularly lose having the very best hand at the level of all-in and are outdrawn, your odds of long-term success are considerably greater. There’s no way I can promise a magic cure for your Holdem ills, I can only level out a quantity of methods you’ll be able to employ to improve your chances.

At all times in an online poker game you need to be as observant as you would in a live game. Tells do exist when playing online poker they’re just distinct in nature to a land based Texas Hold em game. With online games, you can find a number of immediate tells that you just can stage out, even before you begin the game.

Preceding to the Tournament Begin

With most Hold’em tournaments, you commence with around 1500 in chips. The field in opposition to you will range from 10 to thousands of players. Your first step is to look on the gambler names in your table – individuals gamblers who use their real title, those who use an amusing identify, and people who use a nonsensical name.

When looking at this kind of names, I categorize gamblers in my mind in the subsequent way (these categories change over time as the poker wager on develops):

1) All those operating under their own title are new players having a low level of skill.

2) All those using handles these kinds of as Texas Hold’em King, or Suckout Boy are average to very good players.

Three) The ones to watch are poker gamblers having a name like gpgn5576tb.

I am careful with gamblers in the 3rd category as they usually select these kinds of a title so they are harder to be recognized. This kind of names are easily overlooked. I typically locate players like this multi-tabling for hours on end and you cannot be positive should you keep in mind them from one day to the next.

Tournament Commences

It truly is crucial to watch the play as it unfolds – learn the feel of the table by observation and memory. In a quite short space of time you need to be able to classify gamblers into one of four groups and play those groups in accordance with your expectations. Typically players fall into the subsequent groups:

One) Loose Aggressive

2) Loose Passive

3) Tight Aggressive

4) Tight Passive

The most harmful sort of gambler, particularly for those of you who may well be new to the casino game is the Loose Aggressive kinds who seem to wager anything and everything. These are the Gus Hanson style of gamblers who bet on lots of pots and do so as though they have wonderful hands. Clearly they don’t – statistically they’ll have the same hands as you so the key to moving in opposition to these players would be to wait for great cards (JJ or higher), wait until they’ve dug a substantial enough hole by calling them down and re-raise around the turn or river.

Loose Passive players are individuals that are prepared to wager heavily and generally but usually do so by calling whoever is doing the betting. Often termed a "calling station".

Tight Aggressive applies to the majority of the poker wagering population. These are folks playing the cards they hold, instead of the players opposing them and the scenario they find themselves in. It truly is very difficult for these players to succeed on a lengthy term basis because definitely very good cards seldom come out, and when they do people will run for cover perceiving you to be a ‘rock".

Tight Passive Texas Holdem gamblers are the worst of the bunch. They seldom bet on and when they do they can often be pushed off the most effective hand by other players.

Each and every of these forms of player requires a various approach to play. Poker is an assessment of multiple situations, each and every distinct, where the extended phrase winner will probably be people who generate the most effective decisions. Each wager on is therefore less about your starting cards and a lot more about the form of player opposing you, the predicament at that moment in time, or the probability of "outs."

So bear in mind that there mare many things to become aware of when starting out. As we have seen in Holdem you can find players of diverse skill levels except also keep in mind that likelihood plays a part too. And occasionally, luck isn’t always in your side. Nevertheless, when you follow these guidelines you might minimize your mistakes and maximize your chances of succeeding.







15 Nov 12

Most persons, when they bet on poker (in this case limit hold em), they concentrate on what cards to play preflop, determine pot odds, hand odds, and concentrate around the minutia of trying to succeed. But, as in a lot of points, it’s generally essential to step back and seem at the larger picture. Success usually lies in not how you wager on the casino game of poker, but Where by you play.

Glimpse, when you sit down with other players at a poker table, either on the net or in a live game, if all of the other gamblers are performing what your accomplishing (you know, playing perfect poker) then the odds are that you’ll all break even more than the long run. That’s just probability. So where then does the profit come from?

You guessed it. All of your profit comes from your opposition’s errors. Ok then, how are you able to tell ahead of time which tables have these sorts of gamblers? Easy.

If you are on an on-line gambling den, numerous of them will list a percent flop rate in the lobby. The greater the flop rate, the a lot more dead money is about the table. If a ten player table has five folks seeing the flop consistently (fifty per cent), 2-3 of people gamblers are betting marginal hands to see the flop. That’s where your money is. Period. I search for anything more than thirty eight %.

Also, in those people on line gambling establishments that don’t list a flop rate (as well as those that do), it’s significant to count the common number of huge bets in the pot. If its six wagers average, it’s an ok table. If there’s an common pot size of ten wagers, obtain in on it baby, you have just discovered an ATM. What this technique does here is inherently finds people games in which players are cold calling raises, or where by four or a lot more gamblers see a flop, or exactly where 3 or more gamblers are going all the way to the river. All of which constitutes inferior play, which means much more money inside your pocket.

So the trick right here would be to have the discipline to discover and wait for those tables that have the appropriate characteristics for profitable play. That takes patience. Be patient. Don’t just jump into the initial open seat you locate. do this one thing and your profits will soar.







13 Nov 12

Texas hold’em poker is really a card casino game bet with all the regular fifty-two-card deck. It really is played in nations all above as a property casino game, from betting houses to card rooms, and also internet based. Hold’em may be bet with just two players, or even a optimum of 11 players.

It seriously isn’t a problem to start out wagering this game even when one is new to it. Hold em poker could be the easiest and most ideal casino game for any novice to learn. Some of other poker games are pretty complicated, even in terms of counting the cards. Except Texas hold em may be learned in the short whilst, and you’ll be able to play nicely using a several hours practice. On the other hand, you must wager on usually in purchase being fine at the game.

In this game, the betting structure just isn’t a constant. You can have low limits for new players or high stakes for the experienced ones. But gambling may be really difficult, and not as straightforward as it appears. One must find out a couple of tricks for being fine at it. The frequent poker hand format applies to this game. In several poker games you might locate a joker in the deck, except in gambling establishments and card rooms you’ll not come across the joker that often.

Texas hold em is easy to understand, but it’s tough to come to be an expert. To achieve expertise can prove costly, in particular when one plays in the casino poker room. Except in web based poker rooms, you are able to practice a good deal, and all for free.

It becomes easy to begin betting several of the other types of Texas hold em like super Hold’em, double flop Texas holdem, and Tahoe poker, once you’ve got understood the basics of Hold’em poker. So Texas holdem is just not just an fascinating game but also a fantastic learning experience for budding poker champions.







13 Nov 12

[ English ]

If you happen to be new to Hold em poker this article will probably be incredibly useful. It’s fairly easy to come across online poker articles that offer tips and methods to improve your game, but generally they are filled with confusing Poker Terms. So if ever you have stuck you are able to simply refer to this list of Hold em Poker Terms.

Fixed Reduce Texas holdem Poker:

On this kind of poker casino game the betting is limited to a predefined amount. Usually you’ll be able to see the limit in the description of the poker room, displayed as: five – ten dollars. Meaning all bets are limited to five dollars in the pre-flop and flop and ten dollars in the turn and river.

PL Texas hold em Poker:

These sorts of poker games also have limited wagering except it just isn’t predetermined, rather the restrict is set to the current size of the pot. As the pot grows so does the wagering limit.

No Restrict Texas hold’em Poker:

In these games the wagering will not be restricted in any way, even though some casinos do site a restriction on how generally you might be allowed to increase in a single game. These games are mostly wagered by experienced poker players.

Blind Bet:

Blind bets are forced bets. A blind wager is used to begin the betting earlier than the gamblers are dealt any cards. The initial two players to the left of the dealer button are usually required to position blind bets.

Call:

A call is often a betting option. To call in poker indicates to match the bet of another player. So if Player A, bet $5 and you ‘call’, you happen to be saying that you’ll match his five dollars bet.

Check:

To ‘check’ is to not place a bet. You only have the choice to check if no other wagers have been placed just before in the round. By checking you happen to be picking to not wager, and as opposed to folding, you’re going to be still in the game.

Fold:

To ‘fold’ is always to quit the present hand, you’re going to be selecting to not area any much more wagers and end your participation in that hand.

Elevate:

To ‘raise’ signifies to put a larger bet than the player before. If Player A wagers $5, to elevate you would then place a bet of $6 or more.

Heading ‘All In’:

Going ‘all in’ signifies you’re wagering every thing you’ve got on your hand. If Gambler A bets two hundred dollars and also you can’t match that bet, you have the option of going ‘all in’. When you win the hand you’re going to be paid a portion of the pot – relative to the amount you’ve wagered.

Dealer Button:

The Dealer button can be a token which is passed around the table in a clockwise direction after every hand. The dealer button is used to determine who the croupier is for that hand. It also determines who needs to position the blind wagers, it can be typical for the very first two gamblers to the left of the croupier to put blind bets.

Pre-Flop

The pre-flop will be the 1st circular of Texas hold em poker. Gamblers are dealt two cards every, and these are referred to as pocket cards.

Flop

The flop may be the second round of poker, and occurs when the primary three communal cards are dealt face up on the poker table. These cards can be used by everyone in the Poker Room to create the best five-card hands.

Turn

The turn may be the Third round. On this round a 4th communal card is dealt encounter up.

River

The river could be the final circular of Holdem Poker. On this circular the firth communal card is placed encounter up on the poker table.







12 Nov 12

It may well come as a surprise that laying down large hands in hold’em is the single most difficult thing to do.

Can you lay down a full house, even should you think your conquer? Ego and denial are working against you here.

Your up in opposition to a gambler who hasn’t entered a pot for forty minutes. Yes, your up in opposition to a stone cold rock. You’ve got the boat. You are all set, proper?

Well, let us look. You’re dealt pocket ten’s and the flop comes Queen-ten-4. After the ritualistic preflop button raise there is two of you that remain. You have flopped a set and you’re feeling strong. You have him!

You pop out a bet 5 instances the Large Blind. The rock calls you. Fantastic! It is about time you have paid off. On the turn the board pairs fours. You’ve got the house. He is toast. Stick a fork in him.

You place him on queens and fours ace kicker. Don’t scare them off. There may be still an additional wager to go immediately after this. Don’t blow it!

You hurl a different wager five occasions the massive blind and once yet again you obtain the call. River does not assist you except eureka, it’s the 3rd club. Maybe he was on a draw all along. That is why he is just been calling. Yeah, that’s it!

He’s got the flush so he is not heading anywhere. This is your moment. You bang out a wager 25 instances the big blind and he’s all-in before you can even receive your wager into the pot.

It just hit you, did not it? You recognize now that it’s doable your beat. You begin to peel back the layers of denial. It starts with I can’t be beat. You adjust to, is it doable I’m whip? You migrate to I am most likely beat. Finally you land on the truth, your conquer!

That’s OK. Everybody makes mistakes, You’re a solid player and know when to cut your losses. Yes?

Enter ego, the problem maker and destroyer of money. "You have a full house for crying out loud. Who throws aside boats? Nobody which is who! It’s certainly not going to start with you." You push all of the chips in the middle in spite of the fact that you know he is going to show you pocket Queens.

Why did you do that? You know your up versus a rock. Rocks do not call major bets on a draw alone. Initial you put him on top pair , top kicker. Then you were confident he had the clubs. Then he went all in immediately after your major wager. You walk into the fire.

Why indeed. Admit it. It’s far far more preferable to lose all of your money than to endure the embarassment of tossing aside a big hand that could have wound up the winner. That ego issue again.

It can be incredibly tough to throw away the monsters, even when you happen to be pretty confident you are beat. Even the professionals struggle here.

Daniel Negreanu and Gus Hanson recently faced off in the Tv program, "High Stakes Poker." To quote Gus Hanson, " it was a sick hand, " and Gus won it.

Daniel’s bought pocket six’s and Gus pocket five’s. The flop was 9-six-5 and the board paired 5’s on the turn, giving Gus quads and Daniel Negreanu the boat.

Daniel made an enormous bet following the river and Gus went all in. Daniel Negreanu was amazed and I am pretty confident he recognized he was beat. He even verbally declared what could conquer him but made the decision to call regardless.

Many people today believed that if it had been anyone except Gus Hanson, Daniel may well have been able to obtain off the hand. I’m not confident he could have put down those cards against anybody. We won’t know unless it comes up yet again versus a different gambler.

These situations occur far more usually than you may think. Who you oppose is a big factor in making your choices on wagers, and whether or not to stick around. Do not just assume in terms of what ought to take place or what you would like to see.

No clear cut answers here. You’ll need to rely on your instinct. Be alert and be aware of what can beat you every single step of the way. Can you muster the courage to throw aside an enormous hand?